Suggested Reference Book for Database Management Systems, Which Covers all the topics Related to The UGC Net Exam Syllabus...
Fundamentals of DataBase Systems by Elmasri, Navathe
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Contents :-
Introduction to
Databases ■
chapter 1 Databases
and Database Users 3
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 An Example 6
1.3
Characteristics of the Database Approach 9
1.4 Actors on
the Scene 14
1.5 Workers
behind the Scene 16
1.6 Advantages
of Using the DBMS Approach 17
1.7 A Brief
History of Database Applications 23
1.8 When Not to
Use a DBMS 26
1.9 Summary 27
Review Questions
27
Exercises 28
Selected
Bibliography 28
chapter 2 Database System
Concepts
and Architecture
29
2.1 Data Models,
Schemas, and Instances 30
2.2 Three-Schema
Architecture and Data Independence 33
2.3 Database
Languages and Interfaces 36
2.4 The Database
System Environment 40
2.5 Centralized
and Client/Server Architectures for DBMSs 44
2.6
Classification of Database Management Systems 49
2.7 Summary 52
Review Questions
53
Exercises 54
Selected
Bibliography 55
xv
xvi Contents
■
part 2
The
Relational Data Model and SQL ■
chapter
3
The
Relational Data Model and Relational
Database
Constraints 59
3.1
Relational Model Concepts 60
3.2 Relational
Model Constraints and Relational Database Schemas 67
3.3 Update
Operations, Transactions, and Dealing
with Constraint
Violations 75
3.4 Summary 79
Review Questions
80
Exercises 80
Selected
Bibliography 85
chapter 4 Basic SQL 87
4.1 SQL Data Definition
and Data Types 89
4.2 Specifying
Constraints in SQL 94
4.3 Basic
Retrieval Queries in SQL 97
4.4 INSERT,
DELETE, and UPDATE Statements in SQL 107
4.5 Additional
Features of SQL 110
4.6 Summary 111
Review Questions
112
Exercises 112
Selected Bibliography
114
chapter 5 More SQL:
Complex Queries, Triggers, Views, and
Schema
Modification 115
5.1 More Complex
SQL Retrieval Queries 115
5.2 Specifying
Constraints as Assertions and Actions as Triggers 131
5.3 Views
(Virtual Tables) in SQL 133
5.4 Schema Change
Statements in SQL 137
5.5 Summary 139
Review Questions
141
Exercises 141
Selected
Bibliography 143
chapter 6 The Relational
Algebra and Relational Calculus
145
6.1
Unary Relational Operations: SELECT and PROJECT 147
6.2 Relational
Algebra Operations from Set Theory 152
6.3 Binary
Relational Operations: JOIN and DIVISION 157
6.4 Additional
Relational Operations 165
6.5 Examples of
Queries in Relational Algebra 171
6.6 The Tuple
Relational Calculus 174
6.7 The Domain
Relational Calculus 183
6.8 Summary 185
Review Questions
186
Exercises 187
Laboratory
Exercises 192
Selected
Bibliography 194
■
part 3
Conceptual
Modeling and Database Design ■
chapter
7
Data
Modeling Using the
Entity-Relationship
(ER) Model 199
7.1
Using High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database Design 200
7.2 A Sample
Database Application 202
7.3 Entity
Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and Keys 203
7.4 Relationship
Types, Relationship Sets, Roles,
and Structural
Constraints 212
7.5 Weak Entity
Types 219
7.6 Refining the
ER Design for the COMPANY Database 220
7.7 ER Diagrams,
Naming Conventions, and Design Issues 221
7.8 Example of
Other Notation: UML Class Diagrams 226
7.9 Relationship
Types of Degree Higher than Two 228
7.10 Summary 232
Review Questions
234
Exercises 234
Laboratory
Exercises 241
Selected
Bibliography 243
Contents xvii
xviii Contents
chapter 8 The Enhanced
Entity-Relationship
(EER) Model 245
8.1 Subclasses,
Superclasses, and Inheritance 246
8.2
Specialization and Generalization 248
8.3 Constraints
and Characteristics of Specialization
and
Generalization Hierarchies 251
8.4 Modeling of
UNION Types Using Categories 258
8.5 A Sample
UNIVERSITY EER Schema, Design Choices,
and Formal
Definitions 260
8.6 Example of
Other Notation: Representing Specialization
and
Generalization in UML Class Diagrams 265
8.7 Data
Abstraction, Knowledge Representation,
and Ontology
Concepts 267
8.8 Summary 273
Review Questions
273
Exercises 274
Laboratory
Exercises 281
Selected
Bibliography 284
chapter 9 Relational Database
Design by ERand EER-to-Relational Mapping 285
9.1 Relational
Database Design Using ER-to-Relational Mapping 286
9.2 Mapping EER
Model Constructs to Relations 294
9.3 Summary 299
Review Questions
299
Exercises 299
Laboratory
Exercises 301
Selected
Bibliography 302
chapter 10 Practical
Database Design Methodology
and Use of UML
Diagrams 303
10.1 The Role of
Information Systems in Organizations 304
10.2 The
Database Design and Implementation Process 309
10.3 Use of UML
Diagrams as an Aid to Database
Design
Specification 328
10.4 Rational
Rose: A UML-Based Design Tool 337
10.5 Automated
Database Design Tools 342
Contents xix
10.6
Summary 345
Review Questions
347
Selected
Bibliography 348
■
part 4
Object,
Object-Relational, and XML: Concepts, Models,
Languages, and
Standards ■
chapter
11
Object
and Object-Relational Databases 353
11.1
Overview of Object Database Concepts 355
11.2
Object-Relational Features: Object Database Extensions
to SQL 369
11.3 The ODMG
Object Model and the Object Definition
Language ODL 376
11.4 Object
Database Conceptual Design 395
11.5 The Object
Query Language OQL 398
11.6 Overview of
the C++ Language Binding in the ODMG Standard 407
11.7 Summary 408
Review Questions
409
Exercises 411
Selected
Bibliography 412
chapter 12 XML: Extensible
Markup Language 415
12.1 Structured,
Semistructured, and Unstructured Data 416
12.2 XML
Hierarchical (Tree) Data Model 420
12.3 XML
Documents, DTD, and XML Schema 423
12.4 Storing and
Extracting XML Documents from Databases 431
12.5 XML Languages
432
12.6 Extracting
XML Documents from Relational Databases 436
12.7 Summary 442
Review Questions
442
Exercises 443
Selected
Bibliography 443
■ part 5
Database
Programming Techniques ■
chapter
13
Introduction
to SQL Programming
Techniques 447
13.1
Database Programming: Techniques and Issues 448
13.2 Embedded
SQL, Dynamic SQL, and SQLJ 451
13.3 Database
Programming with Function Calls: SQL/CLI and JDBC
464
13.4 Database
Stored Procedures and SQL/PSM 473
13.5 Comparing
the Three Approaches 476
13.6 Summary 477
Review Questions
478
Exercises 478
Selected
Bibliography 479
chapter 14 Web Database
Programming Using PHP 481
14.1 A Simple
PHP Example 482
14.2 Overview of
Basic Features of PHP 484
14.3 Overview of
PHP Database Programming 491
14.4 Summary 496
Review Questions
496
Exercises 497
Selected
Bibliography 497
■
part 6
Database
Design Theory and Normalization ■
chapter
15
Basics
of Functional Dependencies and
Normalization
for Relational Databases 501
15.1
Informal Design Guidelines for Relation Schemas 503
15.2 Functional
Dependencies 513
15.3 Normal
Forms Based on Primary Keys 516
15.4 General
Definitions of Second and Third Normal Forms 525
15.5 Boyce-Codd
Normal Form 529
xx Contents
15.6 Multivalued
Dependency and Fourth Normal Form 531
15.7 Join
Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form 534
15.8 Summary 535
Review Questions
536
Exercises 537
Laboratory
Exercises 542
Selected
Bibliography 542
chapter 16 Relational
Database Design Algorithms
and Further
Dependencies 543
16.1 Further
Topics in Functional Dependencies: Inference Rules,
Equivalence, and
Minimal Cover 545
16.2 Properties
of Relational Decompositions 551
16.3 Algorithms
for Relational Database Schema Design 557
16.4 About
Nulls, Dangling Tuples, and Alternative Relational
Designs 563
16.5 Further
Discussion of Multivalued Dependencies and 4NF 567
16.6 Other
Dependencies and Normal Forms 571
16.7 Summary 575
Review Questions
576
Exercises 576
Laboratory
Exercises 578
Selected
Bibliography 579
■
part 7
File
Structures, Indexing, and Hashing ■
chapter
17
Disk
Storage, Basic File Structures,
and Hashing 583
17.1
Introduction 584
17.2 Secondary
Storage Devices 587
17.3 Buffering
of Blocks 593
17.4 Placing
File Records on Disk 594
17.5 Operations
on Files 599
17.6 Files of
Unordered Records (Heap Files) 601
17.7 Files of
Ordered Records (Sorted Files) 603
17.8 Hashing
Techniques 606
Contents xxi
17.9 Other
Primary File Organizations 616
17.10
Parallelizing Disk Access Using RAID Technology 617
17.11 New
Storage Systems 621
17.12 Summary
624
Review Questions
625
Exercises 626
Selected
Bibliography 630
chapter 18 Indexing
Structures for Files 631
18.1 Types of
Single-Level Ordered Indexes 632
18.2 Multilevel
Indexes 643
18.3 Dynamic
Multilevel Indexes Using B-Trees and B+-Trees 646
18.4 Indexes on
Multiple Keys 660
18.5 Other Types
of Indexes 663
18.6 Some
General Issues Concerning Indexing 668
18.7 Summary 670
Review Questions
671
Exercises 672
Selected
Bibliography 674
■
part 8
Query
Processing and Optimization,
and Database
Tuning ■
chapter
19
Algorithms
for Query Processing
and Optimization
679
19.1
Translating SQL Queries into Relational Algebra 681
19.2 Algorithms
for External Sorting 682
19.3 Algorithms
for SELECT and JOIN Operations 685
19.4 Algorithms
for PROJECT and Set Operations 696
19.5
Implementing Aggregate Operations and OUTER JOINs 698
19.6 Combining
Operations Using Pipelining 700
19.7 Using
Heuristics in Query Optimization 700
19.8 Using
Selectivity and Cost Estimates in Query Optimization 710
19.9 Overview of
Query Optimization in Oracle 721
19.10 Semantic
Query Optimization 722
19.11 Summary
723
xxii Contents
Review Questions
723
Exercises 724
Selected
Bibliography 725
chapter 20 Physical
Database Design and Tuning 727
20.1 Physical
Database Design in Relational Databases 727
20.2 An Overview
of Database Tuning in Relational Systems 733
20.3 Summary 739
Review Questions
739
Selected
Bibliography 740
■
part 9
Transaction
Processing, Concurrency Control,
and Recovery ■
chapter
21
Introduction
to Transaction Processing
Concepts and
Theory 743
21.1
Introduction to Transaction Processing 744
21.2 Transaction
and System Concepts 751
21.3 Desirable
Properties of Transactions 754
21.4
Characterizing Schedules Based on Recoverability 755
21.5
Characterizing Schedules Based on Serializability 759
21.6 Transaction
Support in SQL 770
21.7 Summary 772
Review Questions
772
Exercises 773
Selected
Bibliography 775
chapter 22 Concurrency
Control Techniques 777
22.1 Two-Phase
Locking Techniques for Concurrency Control 778
22.2 Concurrency
Control Based on Timestamp Ordering 788
22.3
Multiversion Concurrency Control Techniques 791
22.4 Validation
(Optimistic) Concurrency Control Techniques 794
22.5 Granularity
of Data Items and Multiple Granularity Locking 795
22.6 Using Locks
for Concurrency Control in Indexes 798
22.7 Other
Concurrency Control Issues 800
Contents xxiii
xxiv Contents
22.8 Summary 802
Review Questions
803
Exercises 804
Selected Bibliography
804
chapter 23 Database
Recovery Techniques 807
23.1 Recovery
Concepts 808
23.2
NO-UNDO/REDO Recovery Based on Deferred Update 815
23.3 Recovery
Techniques Based on Immediate Update 817
23.4 Shadow
Paging 820
23.5 The ARIES
Recovery Algorithm 821
23.6 Recovery in
Multidatabase Systems 825
23.7 Database
Backup and Recovery from Catastrophic Failures 826
23.8 Summary 827
Review Questions
828
Exercises 829
Selected
Bibliography 832
■
part 10
Additional
Database Topics:
Security and
Distribution ■
chapter
24
Database
Security 835
24.1
Introduction to Database Security Issues 836
24.2
Discretionary Access Control Based on Granting
and Revoking
Privileges 842
24.3 Mandatory
Access Control and Role-Based Access Control
for Multilevel
Security 847
24.4 SQL
Injection 855
24.5
Introduction to Statistical Database Security 859
24.6
Introduction to Flow Control 860
24.7 Encryption
and Public Key Infrastructures 862
24.8 Privacy
Issues and Preservation 866
24.9 Challenges
of Database Security 867
24.10 Oracle
Label-Based Security 868
24.11 Summary
870
Contents xxv
Review
Questions 872
Exercises 873
Selected
Bibliography 874
chapter 25 Distributed
Databases 877
25.1 Distributed
Database Concepts 878
25.2 Types of
Distributed Database Systems 883
25.3 Distributed
Database Architectures 887
25.4 Data
Fragmentation, Replication, and Allocation Techniques for
Distributed
Database Design 894
25.5 Query
Processing and Optimization in Distributed Databases 901
25.6 Overview of
Transaction Management in Distributed Databases 907
25.7 Overview of
Concurrency Control and Recovery in Distributed
Databases 909
25.8 Distributed
Catalog Management 913
25.9 Current
Trends in Distributed Databases 914
25.10
Distributed Databases in Oracle 915
25.11 Summary
919
Review Questions
921
Exercises 922
Selected
Bibliography 924
■
part 11
Advanced
Database Models, Systems,
and Applications
■
chapter
26
Enhanced
Data Models for Advanced
Applications 931
26.1
Active Database Concepts and Triggers 933
26.2 Temporal
Database Concepts 943
26.3 Spatial
Database Concepts 957
26.4 Multimedia
Database Concepts 965
26.5
Introduction to Deductive Databases 970
26.6 Summary 983
Review Questions
985
Exercises 986
Selected
Bibliography 989
xxvi Contents
chapter 27 Introduction to
Information Retrieval
and Web Search
993
27.1 Information
Retrieval (IR) Concepts 994
27.2 Retrieval
Models 1001
27.3 Types of
Queries in IR Systems 1007
27.4 Text
Preprocessing 1009
27.5 Inverted
Indexing 1012
27.6 Evaluation
Measures of Search Relevance 1014
27.7 Web Search
and Analysis 1018
27.8 Trends in
Information Retrieval 1028
27.9 Summary
1030
Review Questions
1031
Selected
Bibliography 1033
chapter 28 Data Mining
Concepts 1035
28.1 Overview of
Data Mining Technology 1036
28.2 Association
Rules 1039
28.3
Classification 1051
28.4 Clustering
1054
28.5 Approaches
to Other Data Mining Problems 1057
28.6
Applications of Data Mining 1060
28.7 Commercial
Data Mining Tools 1060
28.8 Summary
1063
Review Questions
1063
Exercises 1064
Selected
Bibliography 1065
chapter 29 Overview of Data
Warehousing
and OLAP 1067
29.1
Introduction, Definitions, and Terminology 1067
29.2
Characteristics of Data Warehouses 1069
29.3 Data
Modeling for Data Warehouses 1070
29.4 Building a
Data Warehouse 1075
29.5 Typical
Functionality of a Data Warehouse 1078
29.6 Data
Warehouse versus Views 1079
29.7
Difficulties of Implementing Data Warehouses 1080
29.8 Summary
1081
Review Questions
1081
Selected
Bibliography 1082
appendix A Alternative
Diagrammatic Notations
for ER Models
1083
appendix B Parameters of
Disks 1087
appendix C Overview of the
QBE Language 1091
C.1 Basic
Retrievals in QBE 1091
C.2 Grouping,
Aggregation, and Database
Modification in
QBE 1095
appendix D Overview of the
Hierarchical Data Model
(located on the
Companion Website at
http://www.aw.com/elmasri)
appendix E Overview of the
Network Data Model
(located on the
Companion Website at
http://www.aw.com/elmasri)
Selected
Bibliography 1099
Index 1133
